Biofeedback and Neurofeedback

What is EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback)?
With the assistance of a computer, it is now possible to receive feedback from the electrical energy generated by the brain. With this kind of feedback, a person can learn to achieve deeper states of relaxation, focused attention, and flexibility in mental and physiological states.

Who uses biofeedback and neurofeedback?
Individuals experiencing symptoms or discomfort are the ones most likely to pursue biofeedback. Physical symptoms such as headaches, high blood pressure, asthma, gastrointestinal problems, muscular symptoms (back and neck pain), fibromyalgia, and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), can be managed with biofeedback. Emotional symptoms include general anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, and depression. Alcohol and drug use, eating disorders, dependence on prescribed medicines, sleep disorders, and sexual dysfunction are behavioral symptoms treated by biofeedback and neurofeedback. Using the newer technology of EEG biofeedback, people with depression, seizures, post-traumatic stress syndrome, head injury, and learning disabilities such as attention problems have experienced improvement.

How does biofeedback fit into Bowen family systems theory?
Biofeedback allows people to see very subtle levels of emotional or physical reaction of which they are normally unaware and to learn to change the ways they react. Bowen theory describes the broader relationship patterns that one can study and use to manage symptoms effectively and to have a more thoughtful and productive life. Using Bowen theory, EEG biofeedback not only can help people learn to manage their symptoms, but also to manage themselves in the relationship systems of which they are a part.

How do biofeedback and neurofeedback work?
Biofeedback and neurofeedback are processes which involve learning and thinking. During a biofeedback training session, a person is connected to equipment that measures changes in physiology during conversation or a period of relaxation. The brain’s electrical activity is recorded in the form of waves, and information is returned to the person by the computer as sound and visual images. The brain waves can be seen on the computer screen. Biofeedback and neurofeedback are noninvasive and painless. Neither involves the use of medication. Often people can reduce their need for medication.

A person learns to recognize automatic reactions that present as physiological cues or cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns. Within a broad relationship context, these observations assist with clear and thoughtful decision-making as one adapts to life.

How many sessions are necessary?
Generally, this depends upon the individual and on reason for the training. The more severe, intense, or prolonged the symptom, the longer the training. Typically, sessions are scheduled once a week. For those using EEG to generally enhance their functioning, appointments may be more or less frequently than once a week.

What should I do before I begin?
Although one does not need a direct referral from a doctor, continued contact with a physician is important, particularly when medication is involved as significant physiological change can occur. During the course of training, continued contact with a physician is recommended.

Who provides biofeedback?
At the Georgetown Family Center, Bowen theory serves as the foundation for the application of biofeedback. Biofeedback and self-regulation are integrated with family systems theory which considers the impact of a broad range of factors upon health and physical functioning. Clinicians are trained in Bowen theory and are certified by the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America to work with biofeedback and in the specialty area of EEG.

For further information, contact Bea Flynn, RN, CS at the Center (202) 965-4400.